8. Liaoning (Type 001)
China's first operational aircraft carrier shows how well the Soviet carrier design concept has been adapted and modernised. Originally built as the Varyag, this much renovated ship is now a vital training ground for China's growing carrier fleet. The 60,000-ton ship's ski-jump aided STOBAR system allows operations with J-15 fighters and other rotary aircraft. Modern radar systems, improved propulsion controls, and sophisticated combat management systems are among major changes to the original design. Usually comprising 24 J-15 fighters, Z-18F anti-submarine warfare helicopters, and Ka-31 airborne early warning helicopters, the carrier's air wing Close-in weapon systems and advanced electronic warfare systems give layered defence capability. Sophisticated command and control systems include networked combat systems and multi-function displays abound in the modernised island architecture of the ship. Simulators and extensive crew training facilities help China's carrier aviation capabilities grow. Comprising eight steam boilers and four shafts, the power plant of the vessel offers consistent propulsion and supports aircraft operations. By allowing flawless operation with escort vessels and land-based assets, the integration of modern communications technology helps the Chinese Navy to define new operating paradigms.
